Vitrinite reflectance is a measure of how reflective a polished surface of an average particle of vitrinite in the coal is. An agglomerating coal is a coal that softens when heated, forming a hard, gray, porous coke that resists crushing. When evaluated on a dry, mineral-matter-free basis, the fixed carbon content is the fraction of the coal that is not volatile organic matter. The fixed carbon content refers to the percentage of the coal that is neither moisture, nor ash, nor volatile matter. Ĭoal rank is based on several characteristics of the coal. Bituminous coal is the most abundant rank of coal. It is higher in rank than sub-bituminous coal but lower in rank than anthracite. Properties Bituminous coal (Pikeville Formation, Middle Pennsylvanian, Kentucky, USA)īituminous coal is a particular rank of coal, as determined by the amount and type of carbon present in the coal and the amount of energy it can produce when burned. Extraction of bituminous coal demands the highest safety procedures involving attentive gas monitoring, good ventilation and vigilant site management. Within the coal mining industry, this type of coal is known for releasing the largest amounts of firedamp, a dangerous mixture of gases that can cause underground explosions. It commands a higher price than other grades of bituminous coal (thermal coal) used for heating and power generation. Bituminous coal suitable for smelting iron ( coking coal or metallurgical coal) must be low in sulfur and phosphorus. Bituminous coal is formed from sub-bituminous coal that is buried deeply enough to be heated to 85 ☌ (185 ☏) or higher.īituminous coal is used primarily for electrical power generation and in the steel industry. It is the most abundant rank of coal, with deposits found around the world, often in rocks of Carboniferous age. Its quality is ranked higher than lignite and sub-bituminous coal, but lesser than anthracite. Its coloration can be black or sometimes dark brown often there are well-defined bands of bright and dull material within the seams. Collective term for higher quality coal Bituminous coalīituminous coal, or black coal, is a type of coal containing a tar-like substance called bitumen or asphalt.
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